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Abutilon sandwicense

(O.Deg.) Christoph. (1934)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Abutilon

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 1.5–3(–6) m tall, white to yellowish stellate pubescent and glandular tomentulose.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades cordate–ovate to cordate–orbicular, 8–22 cm long. Apex acuminate. Surfaces sparsely puberulent, pale green, thin. Margins shallowly dentate with tufted–pubescent teeth. Petioles somewhat shorter than blades. Stipules usually present.

Flowers: Flowers solitary in the leaf axils, pendulous, pedicels articulate apically, 3.5–6 cm long at anthesis, up to 10 cm long in fruit, involucel absent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx campanulate to cup-shaped, sometimes reflexed, pale greenish yellow, 3–4 cm long, softly pubescent with stellate, simple, and simple glandular hairs, densely silky pubescent with simple hairs within to the basal nectaries; lobes 5, deltate, 10–23 mm long, sometimes irregularly cleft or truncate, the lobes valvate in bud. Corolla actinomorphic to moderately zygomorphic, tubular-campanulate to broadly campanulate, rotate, or reflexed; corolla of 5 petals, obovate, bright green to reddish brown with green veins toward the acute to acuminate, serrulate apex, yellowish green basally, linear–spatulate to unguiculate, 4–5 cm long, 1.4–2 cm wide apically, ciliolate along basal margins, distinct from each other but adnate at base to staminal column, convolute in bud. Stamens 5 to numerous, monadelphous, forming a staminal column, staminal column greenish yellow, sometimes reddish apically, 3.5–4.5 cm long, apex densely yellow antheriferous, pubescent basally; filaments 4–6 mm long, terminal; anthers monothecal. Pollen globose, echinate. Ovary superior, (1-)3-celled to many-celled, carpels 5 to numerous, borne in a single whorl or rarely seemingly superposed whorls; ovule placentation axile, each with 2-9 ovules in a vertical row; style exceeding the staminal column, branches as many as carpels; stigmas terminal, capitate, scarcely expanded.

Fruit: Schizocarps often tardily separating; black; vase-like; 17–25 mm long; yellowish brown stellate pubescent; mericarps 8–10; ovate–oblong; with long–acute apex; loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds 3 to several per mericarp; dull brown; triangular–reniform; up to 3 mm long; sparsely pubescent; with or without endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Rare on steep slopes in dry forest.

Elevation Range: 300–600 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • Christophersen (1934) described some aspects of variation in this species from Lualualei Valley but the leaf, floral, and fruiting characters on which var. welchii was based to represent normal populational variability in the genus.
  • Description digitized by Ellena Ruiz
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 10(15): 4 (1934)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:873 (O)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 6040 Oahu BISH
2 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Bush, W. 12339 Oahu BISH 1939-05-07
3 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Obata, J.K. 86632 Oahu BISH 1986-04-20
4 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1932-07-21
5 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1932-07-21
6 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. Oahu BISH 1939-03-01
7 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-03-01
8 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1932-07-21
9 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1932-07-21
10 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1932-07-21
11 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1932-07-21
12 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH
13 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH
14 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Bush, W. 12339 Oahu BISH 1939-05-07
15 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) BISH
16 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1932-07-21
17 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-03-01
18 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1933-03-23
19 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In forest of Colubrina and Aleurites. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 4-7 m tall, 5 cm diam, wide spreading, lvs light green, petals green. St.John, H. 25579 Oahu BISH 1955-07-17
20 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing in assoc. with Diospyros-Metrosideros dry forest Preserved_Specimen A tree-like shrub up 6 m tall, clumped branching form base with dbh 0.8 m. Leaves pale green, sparsely tomentose above, velvety tomentulose below; blades ovate-orbicular-to 15 cm long x 13 cm wide. Fruit a dehiscent ten-celled capsule Spence, G. 31 Oahu BISH 1972-03-19
21 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On steep, open slope. Preserved_Specimen Sparingly branched shrub with long, lax branches. Plant about 20 ft tall. Herbst, D.R. 5252 Oahu BISH 1975-03-09
22 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist place in gully. Preserved_Specimen Anderson, D. Oahu BISH 1940-04-24
23 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rare in degraded native veg., mostly Aleurites, lowland mesic forest with Schinus, Leucaena, Toona, Syzygium cumini, Diospyros, Canthium. Preserved_Specimen 4 shrubs 10-20 ft ht with fls & frt. Perlman, S. 5987 Oahu BISH 1987-06-24
24 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Christophersen, E. 3724 Oahu BISH 1932-07-20
25 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest. Preserved_Specimen Ascending tree. Christophersen, E. 3714 Oahu BISH 1932-06-29
26 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest. Preserved_Specimen Ascending tree. Christophersen, E. 3714 Oahu BISH 1932-06-29
27 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Weed-covered rocky partly forested slope. Preserved_Specimen On verge of extinction; only about 10 plants. Degener, O. 4193 Oahu BISH 1932-06-11
28 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Weed-covered rocky partly forested slope. Preserved_Specimen On verge of extinction; only about 10 plants. Degener, O. 4193 Oahu BISH 1932-06-11
29 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In dry forest. Associates Diospyros, Psidium, Schinus, Nestegis, Lantana, Aleurites, Asplenium nidus, etc. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs to trees up to 5 m tall. Lau, J. 2471 Oahu BISH 1986-06-01
30 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details n. facing gulches, in 3 subgulches in Aleurites alien veg. with Diospyros, Alyxia, Dodonaea, Canthium, Schinus, Charpentiera, Reynoldsia, Grevillea, Sapindus, Hibiscus, Rauvolfia, Santalum, Claoxylon, Nototrichium, Senna gaudichaudii, Ochrosia Preserved_Specimen shrub to small trees 20 ft. ht. with flowers and fruit Perlman, S. 6176 Oahu BISH 1987-07-13
31 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Among rocks above kukui. Preserved_Specimen Single sprawling tree. Degener, O. 11147 Oahu BISH 1937-04-17
32 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Christophersen, E. 3721 Oahu BISH 1932-07-20
33 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Weed-covered rocky partly forested slope. Preserved_Specimen Leaves very pale and thin; bark smooth, light gray. Somewhat straggling shrub 4-20 ft high. Degener, O. 6039 Oahu BISH 1932-01-10
34 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Pualii gulch, near Pohakea pass; degraded Acacia koa - Metrosideros mesic forest with Aleurites moluccana, Xylosma hawaiiense, Myrsine lessertiana, Urera glabra, Antidesma playtyphylla, Charpentiera obovata, Planchonella sandwicensis, Pisonia, Pipturus albidus, Tectaria gaudichaudi Preserved_Specimen shrub 4m ht with flowers Perlman, S. 23563 Oahu BISH 2013-06-20
35 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Calyx lifted green, petals reddish brown tips. Christophersen, E. 3712 Oahu BISH 1932-06-29
36 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forest. Preserved_Specimen Ascending tree. Christophersen, E. 3714 Oahu BISH 1932-06-29
37 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry Forest. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 890 Oahu BISH 1955-07-17
38 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Coarse shrub, clumped, up to about 3.5 m; foliage pale green; calyx pale greenish-yellow; petals dark yellowish-green Herbst, D.R. 1421 Oahu BISH 1969-07-31
39 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrub-tree. Christophersen, E. 3720 Oahu BISH 1932-06-29
40 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen A shrub 1.5 m tall with branches straggling. Petals distally apple green grading proximally to creamy yellow or creamy orange. Flower odorless (morning). Lau, J. 2336 Oahu BISH 1986-05-02
41 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen One solitary bush in full flower; distal ends of petals red contrary to the usually chartruese (Makaha's population also red); plant small but healthy. Obata, J.K. Oahu BISH 1992-05-03
42 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 6041 Oahu BISH 1933-04-12
43 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Coarse shrub, clumped, up to about 12 ft tall. Foliage pale green; calyx pale greenish-yellow; petals dark yellowish-green. Herbst, D.R. 1421 Oahu BISH 1969-07-31
44 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1932-07-01
45 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 2 plants 10 ft ht. Flowers & buds. Perlman, S. 5504 Oahu BISH 1987-03-29
46 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Small tree 20 ft, 2 in diam. Little Jr., E.L. 31038 Oahu BISH 1976-08-11
47 Abutilon sandwicense Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Prostrate-ascending tree. Christophersen, E. 3712 Oahu BISH 1932-06-29
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